Exposure-related health effects of silver and silver compounds: a review.
نویسندگان
چکیده
A critical review of studies examining exposures to the various forms of silver was conducted to determine if some silver species are more toxic than others. The impetus behind conducting this review is that several occupational exposure limits and guidelines exist for silver, but the values for each depend on the form of silver as well as the individual agency making the recommendations. For instance, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists has established separate threshold limit values for metallic silver (0.1 mg/m3) and soluble compounds of silver (0.01 mg/m3). On the other hand, the permissible exposure limit (PEL) recommended by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Mine Safety and Health Administration and the recommended exposure limit set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is 0.01 mg/m3 for all forms of silver. The adverse effects of chronic exposure to silver are a permanent bluish-gray discoloration of the skin (argyria) or eyes (argyrosis). Most studies discuss cases of argyria and argyrosis that have resulted primarily from exposure to the soluble forms of silver. Besides argyria and argyrosis, exposure to soluble silver compounds may produce other toxic effects, including liver and kidney damage, irritation of the eyes, skin, respiratory, and intestinal tract, and changes in blood cells. Metallic silver appears to pose minimal risk to health. The current occupational exposure limits do not reflect the apparent difference in toxicities between soluble and metallic silver; thus, many researchers have recommended that separate PELs be established.
منابع مشابه
Effects of Silver Nanoparticle Exposure on Growth, Physiological and biochemical Parameters of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Zahra Haghighi Pak1, Naser Karimi*2, Hossein Abbaspour1
The increasing commercial production and the broad usage of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have led to concerns over the potential adverse impacts of these ENPs on biota in natural environments. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most important and widely used ENPs which enter natural ecosystems. In this study we examined the effects of AgNPs on growth and some physiological parameter...
متن کاملSynergistic Effects of Taxus baccata Extract Mixtures with Silver Nanoparticles against Bacteria and Fungal
Plants are rich source of natural products used for centuries to cure various the plant-derived medicines are based upon the premise that they contain natural substances that can promote health and alleviate illness. Silver NPs represent material, which can be used as a potential antibacterial agent in medical applications and different commercial products due to its biological activity. Recent...
متن کاملSynergistic Effects of Taxus baccata Extract Mixtures with Silver Nanoparticles against Bacteria and Fungal
Plants are rich source of natural products used for centuries to cure various the plant-derived medicines are based upon the premise that they contain natural substances that can promote health and alleviate illness. Silver NPs represent material, which can be used as a potential antibacterial agent in medical applications and different commercial products due to its biological activity. Recent...
متن کاملEffects of Short-Term Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Histopathology and Electron Microscope Ultrastructure of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills
Background: The increasing use of nanomaterials and nanoproducts has increased the possibility of contamination of the environment, which may have adverse effects on different organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on histopathology and gill ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory conditions. Methods: Zebrafish were exposed to ...
متن کاملDifferential neurotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles: A review with special emphasis on potential biomarkers
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained considerable interests during the last decade due to their excellent antimicrobial activities. Despite their extensive use, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles and possible mechanisms by which they may induce adverse reactions have not received sufficient attention and no specific biomarker exist to describe and quantify their toxic effects. Na...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The Annals of occupational hygiene
دوره 49 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2005